MiB Smarter Money » Retirement

Can I Fund My Spouses IRA If They Don’t Work?

hank — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 16:00:26 +0000

Dear Hank – My wife is a stay at home mom. With a traditional IRA she is eligible for the “spousal IRA.” Can she open a Roth IRA as her spousal IRA, meaning I can invest $8,000 of my income, with half of that in her name? – Peter from Mississippi

Hey Peter – Good news – As long as one spouse has at least $8,000 of earned income, and your joint MAGI is under $160,000 (as you’ll reach your phase-out for ROTH in 2007) both spouses can contribute $4,000 ($8,000 total) to their respective Roth IRAs. Each spouse can contribute an additional $1,000 if he or she is age 50 or older by the end of 2007. So tap it out if you can! Thanks for the post!

Would you like to ask a question on MyInvestingBlog.com? I’m happy to answer it if I can – Contact me to submit the question.

Photo by: dittaeva

Should I Buy a Loaded Mutual Fund?

hank — Wed, 13 Feb 2008 08:01:48 +0000

My mother is not very financially savvy – and when I try to explain anything to her; it can often times take the better part of an hour. It may be her age or the fact she never had any financial education being a stay at home mom, but I like to try to give her the best info possible. This was a specific instance of that time.

She mentioned that she was heading into an Edward Jones investment rep this afternoon and wanted me to chime in with a few questions to help her make a good decision. Like I said, she is 55 with no retirement money aside from about 20k she cashed out of a universal life insurance policy she had out on my dad that was taking payments out of the equity it had built up.

That’s another conversation, but for this one, we’re focusing on how her conversation went.So the rep called me up and we had a conversation about what my mom had, and what she was doing now, and where she was headed. The first thing he mentioned was that “we need to start making your Mother’s money work for her NOW!” I obviously agreed and mentioned to him, “what funds do you recommend she get in?”

He came back with a handful of loaded mutual funds and I just stopped him in the middle of it and ask him why he wanted to put my mother in loaded funds. He actually was very up front about why. He said, “Clearly because that is how I make my money.”

I agreed and proceeded to tell him that we weren’t interested in his services and thanks for his time. He proceeded to tell me how “scary” and “difficult” and “dangerous” it was to be investing on your own. He said, “There are a lot of pitfalls along the way. Wouldn’t it be nice if you had someone to help you?”

I responded, “Yes, that would be nice to have someone that would warn me about financial advisors like yourself.”

That stopped him in his tracks and my mother took off.

New to the blog? Asking yourself, “what are loaded mutual funds exactly Hank?”

When I say “loaded mutual fund,” I mean a mutual fund that carries a sales load. A sales load is a mutual fund commission paid to brokers like this Edward Jones rep for selling you something you don’t need their help in buying. Sales loads do not benefit you, they benefit, and ONLY benefit the person selling them to you, much like an insurance policy.

Load fees typically range from four to eight percent and the way they are paid varies:

1. Front-end load (usually class A shares) – you pay the sales fee up front to the helpful broker.
2. Back-end load or deferred load (usually class B shares) – you pay the sales fee on your way out to your helpful broker.
3. Constant load fund (usually class C shares) – you pay the sales fees every year and might even have to pay a full load when you sell to the fine person selling you this.

Well Hank, I really like paying extra money for things I can do for myself (joking) what else is it costing me?

Well, think of it this way. By purchasing a loaded fund, you’re starting two steps behind. Let’s use simple numbers, say you bought a loaded fund with $10,000 that carried a 5% front end load. Well, as soon as you sign on the dotted line, you’ve just lost $500, so you’re starting with $9,500.

Think of the same guy that has the entire $10,000 to run on – who is going to be ahead in 1 year? 2 years? You can’t catch up because you’re starting behind. Think of it like an oval race track. If you are both running in the same lane, you are starting 5% of the way behind them, and will likely not catch up.

But Hank, they broker told me that these funds were spectacular and that I should make more from them than a no-load fund. Isn’t that worth it?

If a broker really did tell that to you; you are in a bad situation. Turn and run immediately. Do not pass go, do not collect $200. I can almost guarantee if you give me a loaded mutual fund ticker symbol, I can find a very similar NO-load fund out of the 12,000+ funds out there.

Feel free to contact me if you don’t believe me; I’ll find one for you. How many different ways can a sales guy scare you into buying the fund? Anyone else have some wise lines brokers have used to get you in their grasps and in to your pockets? I think if I wouldn’t have figured it out on my own, I’d still be playing Poker to take care of my retirement.
Photo by: Snap@

What Does It Mean When The Federal Reserve Cuts Interest Rates?

hank — Sun, 03 Feb 2008 08:01:39 +0000

Photo by: gerrietWe hear all this talk about how the “Feds are lowing rates again today” on the news a lot recently, and that we’re falling into a recession. But what does all that mean? How does that help me in the situation I’m in? What do I do now as far as investing?Well, to put it simply, when the feds lower federal fund rate, it reduces what it costs banks to borrow money from them. When the banks costs go down, banks typically trim rates for consumers and business borrowers. That encourages businesses to expand and households to spend. Homeowners with adjustable mortgages and consumers with credit cards linked to the prime rate often see their rates move down, which is good.

Why is The Fed pushing rates down hard and fast?

Because the government is seeing a danger that troubles them. The housing market could create a downward spiral that would do widespread damage to consumers and businesses. The main problem comes from several things that get started when home prices start the fall. When home prices fall, it inherently fosters large numbers of foreclosures. That throws a bigger supply of houses onto the market, which in turn push prices down further.

Another problem happens when falling home prices force banks and other lenders to take losses on housing-related investments. They certainly don’t want that because it takes a bite out of their capital and reduces the amount of money they have to lend. That in turn makes it harder for home buyers to borrow, and lending banks to lend. If this housing problem continued for an extended period of time, the damage to banks and consumers could become so profound that the economy plunges into a recession the likes of which we don’t want to see.

How is the government planning on fixing this?

Well, they’ve hacked the interest rate 1.25% over the last 11 days. With this drop in interest rates, combined with a stimulus package from Congress, the hope is that they can stave off the looming recession, which isn’t fun. The goal of doing this isn’t pretty in the short term, but it can significantly limit the damage and keep things from falling into the ocean.

So do I want the Feds to cut interest rates or not?

Well, if you are a homeowners with an adjustable-rate mortgages, you like it. If you have an adjustable rate home equity loans, you like it. If you are a homeowners with a good credit rating and can refinance at lower rates, you like it. If you are a business with a loan tied to the prime Fed rate, you like it. However, if you are investing in CD tied to the prime rate, you DON’T like it. If you have a money market account, which is likely tied to that rate at which banks can borrow, you DON’T like it. If you have a savings account at a bank, you DON’T like it.

Overall there are a lot of pieces to the pie, and a lot of people complain about the setup and what the government is doing, but that is what people do, they disagree a lot. You don’t have a lot of choice in the matter so make the best of it and take advantage of the lower priced stocks, and mutual funds you find when the economy is slow.

What Do I Do During a Bear Market? What Do I Invest In?

hank — Wed, 30 Jan 2008 08:19:09 +0000

Photo by: artct45If you’re between 20-40 years old, don’t do anything. Stay where you’re at, markets fluxuate. That is their nature and that should have been something you learned before you got it. If this is your first time hearing about it, don’t worry and more importantly, don’t run. Let the traders panic. That is their job. They’re pounding down 15 cups a coffee per day and enjoy the stress. Let them deal with it. You’re paying a person that the traders are relaying information to in your mutual funds. You’re 3rd tier on that – sit back and enjoy the cheap stocks you’re getting into.If you haven’t sold, you haven’t lost. Stick to your guns and don’t get scared out of the market, recessions happen. But they always come back. As long as you still have a job, you shouldn’t be worrying. If you HAVE lost your job, you should probably not be reading this blog, try this one.

Buy technology stocks and fund. They’ve done really well this year, and think about it. We’re in the technology era; people WANT technology and are willing to pay for it still. As long as you’ve got a good time horizon for investing (10+ years left till retirement) I think you’ve got a good shot to get in at the bottom floor during the recession.

There are special recession ETFs geared towards recession. Look at medical, people always need to go to the doctor. Look at Claymore Securities.

Ultimately, my recommendation is to keep your money headed towards your investments as long as you’ve got a job. Keep your portfolio on track, this is the time when many people are getting out of the game, and as long as you’ve got time on your side, a perfect time for you to capitalize on the low prices being tossed around.

Do you have any secrets you’d like to share? Anything you’ve done in the past? Advice for the future?

Keep Your Investments Separate For Different Goals

hank — Wed, 16 Jan 2008 15:30:14 +0000

How many of you use your 401k for your everything bucket? I’ve overheard friends and family talk about their 401k like their “all for one long term savings account” saying things like, “I’m going to use my 401k for my kids education” or “my 401k is used for both me and my wifes retirements” or the worst to date, “I really need to get a car, I’ll probably borrow against my 401k”. The last one is clearly the worst because a car is a depreciating investment. You’ll never get that one back.

I can see the other 2 MAYBE working; but when you start to dabble the same investment for other pieces you often times lose site of what it is there for. A 401k is there for YOUR retirement; a ROTH IRA is for YOUR retirement. Unless you’re dumping TWICE as much in your 401k, it shouldn’t be set for yourself and your wife. Keep it for you and start something ELSE up for her.

Using it for your kids college education isn’t a HORRIBLE idea either, but take into account that you’re going to likely retire AFTER they go to college. So if you’re double-timing your 401k to education AND retirement, it’s going to look awfully small after the kids take it to school. By that time, it might be too late to know where you want to get with it. I offer the same advice for the person wanting to use the 401k for both he and his wife, make sure you’re dumping a lot into it then.

Just the visual aspect of seeing my kids 529 plans, my 401k, and my ROTH IRA are enough to keep me in line. I know what the investments are for, and what money is going where, and more importantly, why. Simplifying the process can often times remove that “investing blur” that you may have when it comes to saving for your future.

If that isn’t enough to convince you to keep them separate, think of how life is always changing; you have another kid, you have an accident at work forcing you to retire early, big medical bills come up. If you plan on your ROTH covering you in retirement (after 59 1/2) and you have to retire early, is there anything set up for that aspect? Might not be a bad idea to have that emergency fund fired up in that case.

Over time, your investments will change, your mindset will change, your timeframes will change. For those reasons you shouldn’t keep all your (investment) eggs in one basket. Spread them around to different baskets for different goals. If nothing else, it trains you on another aspect of investing when you jump to another ship and increases your financial education significantly.

Photo by: Daquella manera

Why Is It So Taboo To Talk About Salary And Compensation?

hank — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 09:13:54 +0000

Photo by: takashy

How is it that when we can readily see public sector and professional athletes salaries on the web and not bat an eye at it. I’m sure they discuss these things over caviar all the time and it isn’t that big of a deal; but why does middle class America think it is so taboo to discuss it? I admit it, I never ask friends and family what they make. If they make it readily available for me, I’ll certainly listen, but I have never asked about it. Is it a status thing?

It seems even more ridiculous when you can find and know the price of everything with the advent of the internet. I can find out prices of cars, prices of houses, prices of groceries, tax information, and daycare prices if I really want to online. We have a pretty good idea of how much someone is worth by these things, but still feel it is some top secret information to readily discuss the last piece of that puzzle.

Do I disclose my salary on this site? No. But could you find it out if you wanted to? Totally. Look at my balance sheet, my net worth, and see how much goes in and out. Feel free, it’s out there to find, but I still find myself reluctant, even through anonymity to release that piece of information.

I think it may fall in the way we were raised and the environment we grew up in. I think a big reason may be that some of us are always trying to “keep up with the Joneses” and don’t want to give in that those said Joneses really are kicking our butts in the income category.

Photo by: takashy

I think another big piece of it MAY be the fact that the athletes, public officials, and some celebrities salaries are posted (including the fact that Paris Hilton gets paid MILLIONS to attend parties). We realize that we’re up against some pretty big $$$ and that our measly salaries are nothing compared to those apples…

But why the mindset in the first place? I never knew what my parents made growing up. Eating hotdogs and macaroni and cheese 4 times a week though gave me a pretty good indication; but they never actually let on anything. I’d suspect that my dad (mom stayed home to take care of us) brought in no more than 20k through the 80′s and left in the 90s and I’d bet when my mom went back to work she was barely pulling in 10-12k in her first few years, nearly to 25k now, but I never knew.

Does the lower class discuss salaries openly? In tight knit families I bet they do. If you’re all working to pay for the roof over your head, I’m sure it is readily available information at the dinner table. Heck, it would have to be.

Photo by: takashy

I’m not rich, nor am I poor, but I can’t tell you the salary of any of my family members, nor do I feel I should ask. Yes, I am certainly interested; but not enough to pry and ask. I would actually probably feel pretty uncomfortable about it. I remember growing up when you’re in your teens, people older than you always asked me though, assuming that I made minimum wage, I’d be happy to pipe up that I was making WELL above the minimum wage of $4.75 and that I was paid very well at $5.15.

So how about worldwide though – Is it just an American thing? Like I said earlier, I’m even confining it to American middle-class right now – prove me wrong if you can, I’m happy to listen. Half Sigma started a post last year about it and what he makes and it has generated a pretty good list so far. These people seem willing to share, anonymously, but still willing.

Is there ever a GOOD time to ask what someone makes? Maybe a rephrase, is there ever an appropriate time to ask what someone makes? I ran across a post my MyOpenWallet and they said:

“The question isn’t one that people are used to asking, I think. It seems rude, and your motivation for asking could be questionable. In many cases, maybe people would rather not know. But more often, I’m sure people are dying to know, although they would never dream of just coming out and saying it: “How much money do you make?”

And I agree – it DOES seem rude, but is that a thing that is a mindset? Would you care as much if you knew EVERYONES salary? if you knew the salary your boss, his boss, your co-workers, your family, your friends – would it numb the subject any? I’d think it would certainly change things up, but in different facets. The newly found rich people would be hit up by charities more, the poorer people wouldn’t have to try to live up the Joneses mentality, and likely would be richer by NOT having to live up to something they weren’t.

Ultimately it sounds like the issue isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. I’m sure I’m not going to be passing on any new developments on that front because to me, it is rude, at least at this point in my life… Convince me differently?

Should I Take Out A Reverse Mortgage On My House?

hank — Tue, 08 Jan 2008 13:00:38 +0000

My brother mentioned setting my mother up with a reverse mortgage over the holiday break, so I thought I would do some research on what is was and if it was a good idea. I had heard of it before and I have a basic understanding of it, but I figured there had to be some sort of catch, as there always is, and there certainly are…

“The HECM FHA insured reverse mortgage can be used by senior homeowners age 62 and older to convert the equity in their home into monthly streams of income and/or a line of credit to be repaid when they no longer occupy the home. The loan, commonly known as HECM, is funded by a lending institution such as a mortgage lender, bank, credit union or savings and loan association. To assist the homeowner in making an informed decision of whether this program meets their needs, they are required to receive consumer education and counseling by a HUD-approved HECM counselor“

1. You need to be under the 62 year old age limit.
2. You need to own your property outright.
3. The house you’re reverse mortgaging needs to be your primary residence.
4. Needs to be a single family home, a 1-4 unit home, a manufactured home, or leased land; ( this just means that when they take your equity in your house out from under you, they need to have a good house to steal, who wants to steal a dump?
5. Reverse mortgage fees can be high, although the fees are often rolled into the loan and not paid upfront. A reverse mortgage can cost thousands more than a conventional mortgage.
6. It’s important to calculate the cost of a reverse mortgage against what you would gain, because once you enter a reverse mortgage agreement, the mortgage company essentially OWNS your home.
7. Reverse mortgages are often seen as a last resort if the homeowner needs cash and there are no other options. (Take this one the most seriously! Not only are you getting rid of the possible last piece of ground a person may own, but you’re betting their home on it.
8. What if you outlive your reverse-mortgage? I couldn’t find anything on this, but it is a valid point. What if you USE you last resort, and then you outlive it? I’d assume the bank then owns your house and kicks you out to go live elsewhere; which isn’t fun at 85 I bet.
9. To reduce their risk, lenders generally limit reverse mortgage loans to amounts that are below their estimate of the property’s full value; meaning that you’re going to get a lesser amount than your house is worth in the first place FURTHERING the idea that this should be a last resort.

Andrew Linden from Australia thinks they should be BANNED.

?Associate professor of economics at the University of Western Sydney Steve Keen, author of Debt Watch, calls them ”the most dangerous ‘innovation’ around in finance” and says any decline in house prices will see lenders and investors bearing significant risk of possible losses.

“I want them abolished. [They represent] a systemic danger to the banking system. [With reverse mortgages] the banks are building in an expectation of continued asset price inflation for the next 25 years,” Keen says.”

Can it work? Yea, I suppose it can. It sounds like most of the people don’t even qualify for them in the first place. Some people just don’t find themselves in the right position to act on it in the first place after drudging through the pre-reqs. Bottom line as with any investment, RESEARCH your options. If it IS your last option, REALIZE that it is, and take the proper steps. Bring along a trusted friend or family member to the consultation. Most of us look at the reverse mortgage as a detriment to society and squeezing of our senior citizens, but really the lenders are just targeting another audience. It may not be right for everyone, but to the select few that it is right for, the lenders have a right to advertise to them.

If you’re reading this blog and under the age of 50, well, you’re probably on the right path anyway if you’ve got a plan, at least educating yourself to get a better understanding of what is to come so you won’t make more bad decisions. It is likely we won’t have to worry about that for ourselves, but if we have parents or loved ones that ARE in that situation, at least you’ll be able to answer/help them answer many of the questions that come up in the lending process. Keep your eyes peeled and guard up and decide for yourself if it is a good decision. Prepared financial decisions are usually the best kind to make…

Can I Fund a ROTH IRA Account That Belongs To My Parents?

hank — Fri, 28 Dec 2007 13:00:11 +0000

Photo by: Seamus Murray

Another reader request asked:

My mother is 57, has no retirement $$$, and works full-time making about $25,000/year. I want to open a ROTH for her for Christmas, can I? – Shannon from Montana

Hello Shannon – how nice of you to think of Mom for the holidays! Congrats to you (and your Mom for having such a considerate daughter!) ROTH accounts are funded based on income, so as long as your mother has income, anyone can fund a ROTH account. As a side note, the only exception to the “need a job to fund a ROTH” is that a husband may fund his non-working wife’s account. And being 57, you’ll be able to contribute the catch-up amount of $5,000 this year for her. Merry Xmas to you and your Mom! What a perfect Xmas gift to give her!

Goodbye To My Universal Life Insurance From Hartford Mutual

hank — Thu, 27 Dec 2007 13:00:51 +0000

Photo by: dave mcmtSo I’ve done it – after debating for about 2 months and trying to convince myself that I DIDN’T make a bad investment in getting in on this, I’ve come to my senses. I admit it, I made a bad mistake 5 years ago to purchase my Hartford Life Universal Life Insurance policy. Over that 5 year period I was putting in $205.00 per month to be “invested” in ITHAX; not completely invested in it; honestly, I don’t know how invested I was in it. I straight out asked my agent “Is my investment based exactly on the ticker symbol ITHAX?” She responded back with,

“Well, not exactly. It is difficult to explain, but yes, some of your assets are in ITHAX, but we can’t tell exactly how many shares you own at any given time. Just wait for your monthly statement.”

Are you kidding me? First of all, I want to see my investment when I want to see my investment. We’re not in the 1980s anymore. I’m a GenX’er that has grown up with the internet. If I can’t see something online, that’s another hard strike against them.

Photo by: dave mcmt

Furthermore, how is that an “investment” then? Two terms to consider in insurance: SELLING and INVESTING. They are NOT the same word, and shouldn’t even be used in the same sentence generally. You are SOLD an insurance policy. You are not INVESTED in an insurance policy. They should be completely separate entities and treated as such in your net worth and balance sheets. You are SOLD car, home, and LIFE insurance. You INVEST in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. Don’t get them confused.

Needless to say, she wasn’t completely happy with my choice to opt out of paying her salary each month. But they’ll be like that, they want you to stay in because you’re making them money. Take this number in. My $205/per month I was “investing” with her over the 5 year span made me about -$3,000. Yep, that’s right, that is a NEGATIVE number. I had put in $12,300 over 5 years, and my “investment” is worth $9,292 as of December 1, 2007. If that’s not a bad investment, I’m not sure what is.

I never took the Suze Orman view of Term Life insurance very seriously as for whatever reason I was under the spell of my insurance agent. My agent is a very nice lady; nothing against her (aside from taking my $) but she is just trying to make a living also – I have nothing wrong with that. But I’m out from under that umbrella now and am totally onboard with Suze and Dave Ramsey in the insurance piece.

Photo by: dave mcmt

CubeFarmer has pretty much written the exact same thing about their whole life policy. It’s crap, and Universal is similar. I can’t begin to explain how much I relate to the article. Almost to the “T”. I got in shortly after college because of relatives advice also, and here we are years later. One BIGGER caveat though is that the surrender charge is RIDICULOUS. My 9k investment, if cashed out now to find a new investment/insurance is going to take almost 4k in surrender charges!!! That’s almost HALF of my “investment” in there!

I’ve got an email in with her now inquiring about my options going forward and how to mitigate the surrender charge, but I’m pretty sure it’s similar to the Edward Jones ROTH IRA ladder structure, but stretched out over a longer period, which I believe is 15 years; one thing is for sure though, she’s not getting that $205 payment as soon as I find a decent term policy…

How Do I Plan To Reach My Investing Goals For Retirement?

hank — Sun, 23 Dec 2007 13:00:50 +0000

Photo by: emdot

Only 0 days 5 hours 2 minutes left until Hanks Holiday Handout drawing!

To make my goal of having my net worth be $1,000,000USD by 2020 I need to have a plan laid out. Yes it will change through the years, My wife and I will get raises; we won’t get the return we’re shooting for with investments in some of the years, but as a base goal if we take our current principal of $75,000 and continue to invest $21,500 per year for the next 13 and that will put us just over the 1MIL mark. That first MIL is the hardest, Pinyo lays it out here.

Where do I find $21,500 per year to invest? We’re currently contributing 10% of each our salaries for about $16,000 per year to our 401k plans, then add in $4,000 each for our ROTH IRA accounts and we’re well over the limit there. We’re planning on bumps in the road, so that’s why I’m giving the $21,500 number. There are a lot of calculations that need to taken into account, but that is the same with any investment plan. At 10% return with those calculations we’re looking at just under 840k, and at 12% that puts us over the 1MIL mark.

We could have a year where we can’t pay contributions to either our 401k or ROTH, but on the same note, there could be years where we’d contribute MORE to those accounts, For instance, we’re planning on trying to bump the 401k contributions up to 15% in 2008 and that would be $24,000 in itself; add in the ROTH IRA contributions and we’re looking at $32,000 invested per year and in 13 years, that will be worth 1.33MIL.

Numbers are numbers – sticking to the path of just getting money in is the key. In 13 years I’ll still be nowhere near retirement, but the first million is always the hardest to make, after that, it is quite ridiculous how fast it grows. In 35 years on this same $21,500 per year at 10% return we’re looking at 8.5MIL. Which is dreaming, and a lot can happen in 35 years, but there is no time like the present to start planning on it!

Time, as usual, is the key piece of this financial pie; variables are always tossed in to make it interesting. As long as we’re putting in the $21,500 we’ll be on a good pace. I’m sure there will be other investment opportunities, more job promotions, more raises, maybe more kids, but staying on this basic path is the key to our specific financial goal. What’s your path?